Rivet and method of making the same



April 27, 1943. c. w. CHERRY ET AL 2,317,360

RIVET AND METHOD OF MAALNG THE SAME Filed May 24, 1940 6 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTORS CARL W CHERRY ATTORNEYS April 27, 1943. c w CHERRY ETALv 2,317,360

RIVET AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Filed May 24, 1940 I 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR5 CARL W CHERRY BY V/VALEX 5 MULLGAKDT ATTORNEYS April 27, 1943. cyw. CHERRY ETAL RIVET AND METHOD OF-MAKING THE SAME Filed May 24, 1940 SSheets-Sheet 5 m9 m m@ INVENTORS CARL W'CHERR) BY ALEXfiMI/LL RDT ATTORNEYS April 7, 1943- c. w. CHERRY ETAL 2,317,360

RIVET AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Filed May 24, 1940 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTORS CA RL W CHERR Y BY IALEX 5. MQLLGA or ATTORNEYS April 27, 1943. c. w. CHERRY ET AL RIVET AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SA 1E Filed May 24, 1940 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTORS CARL 14 CHERRY I 3%ULLGARDT ATTORNEYS Patented Apr; 27, 1943 AE IS Mul g idtasm, ,rain id Mullgardt assignor to said This invention relates to a met W K ii 1 fiii fiibtjifiapparatus, the section being taken on lines.

lt-llofI"lg.13. V

Fig 19 is a sectional view of the automatic vapparatus, the section being taken on lines ll-ll oi'l'ig.l3.

Fig. 20 is a detail iface view of; the die plate assembly of the automatic apparatus. r

mg. 21 is a side view of said die plate assembly.

Fig. 22 is a' fragmental sectional view taken a on lines n--nor rig. 20.

Fig. 23 is a ofragmental sectional view through one of the holder dies in closed position. Fig.24 is a sectional view-of the key plate sev,

curing means of the die holder section and Fig. 25 is a detail view of the ejector plate on thedieholderlate. 1

In connection with rivet. assemblies of the type wherein the tail of therivet is formed by means of pulling a tension member through the rivet body the problem of forming a suitable of deforming the of the hollow rivet, or the weakening ofthestcm at its pulling end. This: a, problem is particularly importantin connection with rivet assemblies wherein the rivet stem is .to

be grippedand by its end extended beyond the rivet head and the tail is to be fully formed before th'estem is to break or give. In

I such instance the gripped end of the rivetstem' should be reinforced rather than made In order to obtain a rivet assembly with suitable stem adjacentthe tail end of the rivet body, a at the other end of the stem spaced from the rivet head, said stem being slids im l or ippin po b ior enc se n b a v riveting machine is difiicult. because of the danger held exteriorly against deformation.. Also preferably simultaneouslywith the forming :step the stem. in the rivet is expanded sufiiciently to tighten the sliding fit between the hollow rivet body and the stem to holdthem assembled in a predetermined relation andpreferably so that the 'former is immediately adjacent to the tell end of the hole of the rivet body.

The product is a rivet assembly which includes a hollow rivet'body.a stem slidable through the rivet body, a former on the end oftherivet able to be pulled in'the hole of the rivet body but normally 'itjis held tightly in place insaid,

rivet bodyso as to hold the former and the f on the stem in a predetermined constant. relation to the rivet body of the as-' sembly. Thig provides rivet assemblies with uniform outlines.= j. x

The carryingout of the step involving the forming of the pulling head is illustrated in Figure 'a; and 9 herein. The rivet body I is held stress conditions in our method the parts are formed in a definite order and balanced stress conditions exerted'at selected points. e

In order to provide rivet assemblies the parts of whichare in uniform relative position for easy handling and insertion into riveting tools; our method includes steps whereby thestemis engaged with the hollow rivet with sufiicient tightness to hold the assembly in predetermined relative position but to v yield tothe pulling force exerted when the rivet is fastened in place. I The first step of the herein method of making rivet-assemblies is thestepof providing a hollow.

rivet body. At present the preferred method h p e or sh e ndpfsaldst ems- Over th untamed? r onci the sten e e t a die I] whichhas a tapered cavity Itinitsend e in aholder I so that the'bottom surface ofthe rivet head I rests on the bottom ll of a recess l2 insaid-holder ll is of the'same height as theheightof the rivethead s so as to ,protectjthe rivetheadagainstl'pressure thereon.

The rivet body I fitsinto a hole I! of the-holder a. .l'rhe ,depthj r the holder ole is is equal tothe distance from-the bottornpr outer end of the former 'ljandthe bottom surface ofthe rivet f v; head a when the stem} is fully inserted nto the a rivet hole't l On the topof theholder Srests a ,stemholderil which has an aperture ll fitting;

accuratelyover the portion of the stem i fromi the top'of the rivet head 3 tea pointspaced-from overlying the stem t. The cavity lt is larger than thestem diameter and is of the-desired;

head contour. As shown in 8, a. plunger I! 5 movesfin saiddie I]. to axially engage the end {of the stem; 8; The pressure memberof lunger lti moveddown soas to app y radua y is to provide a solid rivet body- I shown in Fig; 1

and drill or bore an axialhole 2 throughjthe en- A tire'rivet body extendin from its headtto its;

tail 4, as shown mm. 2. v

v The next step is to provide a stem 6, as shown in-Flg. 3, slidably fit into the axial hole of the rivetbody I. On one end of the rivet stem 0 is gressiveaxi'al compressionbn the end of the rivet stem I until the portionxof the rivet stern 8 within the diecavity II is enlarged to fill-said die cavity ll. same axial pressure exerts an almost imperceptible enlargement of the stem. 6

theniroi-med a tall former-l, as shown in Fig. 4.]

. Thisstep is at present'performed on th'e'rivet stem before its assembly in the rivet body.

The-next step istc insert the rivet stem into the hole of the rivet Thisirisertion is accomplished through the tail end of the rivet body so that the tail formeris adjacent to the tail and the straight end of the stem extends through It is totbenoted the head of the rivet body I. that the stem is comparatively easily'slldable into the hole of the rivet body.

The next step is to apply a forming force 7 to the straight end of the rivet stem for forming a pulling or gripping surface on the-straight end v of stem outside the rivet head. 1 In the herein form this isaccomplished by exerting axial pres;

sure upon the straight end of the rivet stemso as to bear against the formed end of the rivet stem, and to confine the enlargement of the the hollow rivet l which however is sufiicient to tighten the fit therein without deforming saidrivet body i. 'I'h'egradualjapplication of the axial compressive force: in such limited area and'the independent support of the rivet body produce a rivet assembly of properly balanced initial strain conditions with uniform. spacing of headsso aslto secure objects together with substantially uniform'force. Uniformity'of performance in riveting operations is 'ofutmcst importance, and rivets made in accordance with this method can be handled by the same tool ditions.

J of the rivet assembly. This apparatus in I cludes a frame II witha dieplatedl and an' stem at the pulling head 8 tea predetermined limited end portion of the stem spaced from the head of the rivet body. The entire rivet body is The holder! is of the same type as the holder 15 9 heretofore described, except that the exterior I speedily andrespond uniformly under 'giver con- In Figures 10 to 12 an apparatus is shown for performing the step of setting the pulling head overhead bracket '23 thereon opposite to each other. Into the center of the die plate 22 is inserted a'holder 24' for the rivet assembly 26.-

of the holder 24 fits into the socket 21 of the die plate 22. The holder 24 has a vent 28 in its bottom extended from the holder hole l3 so as to facilitate the insertion and removal of the rivet assembly 26. The holder is so dimensioned that the rivet head 3 of the rivet assembly rests on the top of the holder as the tail former l rests on the bottom of the holder hole l3 when the stem 6 is fully inserted in place.

The stem holder of the apparatus is formed on the top of the die plate 22 by a pair of jaws 29 swingable horizontally around a common pivot 3i. Complemental semi-cylindrical recesses 32 of these jaws 29 firmly fit the circumference of the rivet stem 6. These jaws 29 are normally urged apart by a tension spring 33 secured to lever arms 34 extended from the respective jaws 29. Handles 36 extend from the respective jaws 29 to facilitate the manipulation of said jaws 29. The jaws 29 are forced into closed position by latch earns 31, each pivoted at 38 outside of the respective jaws 29 and provided with a latch handle 39 for manipulation of the cams 31. The jaws 29 have complemental central recesses 4| at the bottom,- which recesses 4| are of such depth as to fit over the rivet head 3 and protect the same from pressure. Complemental cut away portions'42 form a recess at the top of the jaws 29 through which a free portion and end of the stem 6--extends.

In thebracket 23 above the die plate 22 is slidably held a vertical rack 43 reciprocable' in a suitable manner such as by means of a pinion 44 turnable by a handle 46. On the lower end of the rack 43 is a chuck 41' into which is secured a 'punch 48. A forming head 49 is slidably held on the punch 48 by a cross pin 6l which latter is fixed to the punch 48 and protru'des into slots 52 through the sides of the forming head 49. -A coil spring 53 between the chuck 41 and the top of the-head 49 urges the forming head 49 toward the end of the punch 48. Normally the end of. the forminghead 49 extends beyond the reduced end 54 of the punch 48. A die cavity 56 is provided in the end of the forming head 49. The die cavity 56 is of the same diameter as the reduced punch end 54 but it tapers outwardly toward its mouth. This flaring tapering of the diet cavity 56 determines the shape of the pulling head formed on the stem and it also facilitates the removal of the forming head 49 from the formed pullin head of the rivet without sticking. The outside diameter of the forming head 49 fits into the recess 42 in the top of the jaws 29 so as to be centered thereby and axially aligned with the stem 6.

The downward stroke of the punch 48 is adjustably determined by an abutment collar 61 adjustably mounted on the rack 43 above the frame bracket 23. An abutment pin 68 in the collar 51 engages the top after a predetermined down stroke of the rack 43. This abutment is so adjusted as to stop the compressing action of the punch after the head of the stem is compressed to a desired size. This provides for uniformity of the shape as well as the strain conditions of the pulling head on the rivet stem 6.

In operation the latch cam 31 are first turned to allow the jaws 29 to move apart. Then a rivet assembly 26 is placed into the holder so that the tail former of the rivet is at the bottom of the holder recess l3. Then the latch cams 31 are turned again to close the jaws 29 tightly of the bracket 23 against'the' rivet stem 6. Then the rack 43 is moved downwardly until the end of the forming head 49 is centered within the top recess 42 of the jaws 29. Further movement of the 1 rack 43 against the action of the coil spring 53 advances the reduced punch end 54 'into the die cavity 56 and against the end of the rivet stem 6 so as to exert theforce for forming the pulling head of the rivet. The punch 48 is advanced until the stop abutment pin 58 abuts the bracket 23 and thus stops further compression movement. Then the rack 43 is raised, the jaws are parted and the completed rivet assembly is removed from the machine. It is to be noted that the rack 43may be moved quickly until the die 49 rests on the jaw 29 in forming position, but thereafter and during the punching operation the application of force is progressive and gradual.

' The automatic apparatus shown in Figures 13 to allows multiple operation at greater speeds and with greater efliciency yet it assures predetermined gradual pressure, automatic accurate alignment and uniform strain.

The automatic apparatus herein in general includes a rotatable die plate assembly 6|, a bucking head assembly 62, a forming head assembly 63, and means to move the respective assemblies in timed relation to each other for forming the gripping surface or pulling portion 8 of the rivet assembly. The die plate assembly 6| carries a plurality of holder dies 64 in suitable locations successively to be brought into registry with the aligned bucking head assembly 62 and forming head assembly 63. vEach holder die 64 is held in such forming position while the bucking head assesmbly 63 is operated to hold the formed end of the rivet stem of the rivet assembly, and the forming head assembly 63 is operated to form the gripping surface or head on the other end of the rivet stem of the rivet assembly. Means are provided to eject the completed rivet assembly from the holder dies 64 after the operation is completed. All the assemblies and driving mechanisms are supported on a suitable frame 66. 1

The die plate assembly 6| is supported on a shaft 61 which latter is suitably journalled on the frame 66. The shaft 6] is centrally keyed or fixed to a die plate 68 so as to rotate the die plate 68. The holder dies 64 are assembled in three equally spaced slots or cutaway portions 69 in the periphery of the die plate 68. Each holder die 64 has a fixed half section II suitably secured to the adjacent sides of the slot 69 and a movable half section I2 mounted in a swingable gate 13 which latter is pivoted at a pivot 14 on the die plate 68. The pivot 14 is located at the leading end of the gate 13 so that the die gate 13 with the movable die section 12 can be opened speedily and then closed bythe application of tangential force as the die plate 68 is rotated. The half sections II and I2 complement each other to form a cavity 16 which fitsthe head and stem of the rivet assembly, so that the tail former of the rivet assembly extends inthe direction of the-bucking head assembly 62.

The die plate 68 is surrounded by a brake band 11 one end of which is anchored at 18 to the frame 66. The other end 19 of the band TI is anchored to an arm of abell crank 8| whichis fulcrumed on a bracket 82 on the frame 66 at a point spaced from the fixed anchor 18. The other arm of the bell crank 8| is yieldably pressed by a coil spring 83 so as to exert a pull for holding the band 11 under yieldable tension. This ten- ;sion is adjustable by an adjusting screw 94 bearing against the spring 83 and supported in a lug 69 is rotated in clockwise 19 rides on the tangential portion of position. A striking plate web 9| of the frame 66 96 on the frame 66. It is to be noted that the end 19 of the band 11 is held below the level of the lowermost point of the die plate 69 in such position as to hold the adjacent portion of the .band 11 at a substantially, straight inclined line tangential to the periphery of the die plate 69 toward the direction of rotation. As the die plate I direction, viewing Fig. 19, the outer curved surface 91 of the die gate the band 11 and the tangential force thus exerted gradually closesthe die gate 19 before it reaches its next operating position.

;.-Each holder die 64 has three operating posi- I. tions namely the loading position MA in Fig.

19, where the rivet assembly is inserted into the i' holder die 64, the forming position at B- in alignmentwith the bucking head assembly 92. and with the forming head assembly 69, and the ejecting position C at the gap between the anchor 19 and the other end 19 of the band 11 where the holder die 64 is opened and the completed rivet assembly is ejected from the apparatus. These three positions of the holder dies 94 in the present illustration are about 120 degrees apart ,so that upon each one-third revolution of the die plateassembly 9I there is one holder .die 64 ineach of the three operating positions.

' An abutment lug 99 is extended radially'i'rom the pivot 14 of each gate 13 so that the abutment lug. 98 projects substantially toward the center of the die plate 68 when the gate 16 is in closed 99 is mounted on a adjacent the ejecting position of the die assembly 64. A'striking pin 92 projects i'romthe striking plate 69 toward the face of the die plate 98 and in the path of the abutment lug 88 01 the die pivot 14. As the holder die 64 is carried around in a clockwise direction, viewing Fig. 19, the abutment lug 99 are also provided. An ejector plate 93 is extended from the-forming side of each movable die section 12 so as to lie adjacent the face of the die plate 69. The ejector plate 93 has an aperture. 94 therethrough to accommodate the head of the forming head assembly 63. An ejector ear 96 extends from the ejector plate 93 into the cut away slot 69. It is to be noted that the gate 13 and die sections 1! and.12 are generally narrower than the thickness of the die plate 68 and the ejector ear 96 extends into the forming side of the slot 69 not occupied by the die sections H and 12. As the die gate 13 is swung open at the ejecting position the ejector plate 93 swings with it and the ejector ear 96 is moved past the face of the fixed die section 1| so as to strike and eject the stem'oi' the rivet assembly if the latter sticks in the fixed die section II. An ejector lug 91 is extended from the corner of the die plate slot 69 adjacent the die pivot" and it projects over the outer portion of the forming face of the movable die section 12 so that the rivet assembly is stuck in the movable die section one of the notches ,12, then the stem of the the forming head assembly 63 is mediate between the locations 'tially radially outwardly away from rivet assembly strikes this ejection lug 91 and is ejected thereby.

The faces of the diesections H and 12 have semicircular grooves therein which complement each other to form an annular aligning groove 99 on each face of each-die assembly 64. The grooves 98 on, the opposite faces of each die assembly are in alignment with each other and with the ends of the heads of the bucking head assembly 62 and of the forming head assembly. 69 respectively. Thus the forming action is truly aligned with theaxis of the stem of the rivet assembly.

The true alignment of the die plate assembly 6I with the bucking head assembly 62 and with further assured by positively holding the die plate assembly 6| inits operative positions. This is accomplished by a latch 99engaging one of three notches MI in the periphery of the die plate 69. These notches I9I are spaced apart at the same angles as the three die assemblies 64 but are angularly offset so that one notch I9I is located interof two adjacent holder dies 64. The latch 99 is slidably heldin a bracket I92 on a web'of the frame 66 in such position relatively to the die plate 69 that when MI is opposite to the latch 99 then one of the alignment with the bucking headassembly 62 and with the opposite forming head assembly. 69, and at the same time another holder die 64 is in loading position and the third holderdie 64' is in ejecting open position. A coil spring I93 in the bracket I92 urges the latch 99 substanthe periphery of thedie plate 69. The latch 99 is moved toward the periphery of the die plate 68 by a rotating cam I94 adjustable on a shaft I96 so as to push'the latch 99 toward the periphery of the die plate 69 after each one third revolution of the die plate 69 is-v completed and to release the latch 99 after the completionof each forming operation and just before the die plate 68 is again rotated tion.

The bucking head assembly 62 includes a hollow traveling bar I91 of rectangular cross section which is reciprocable in an aligning bearing I99 in a fixed block I99 so as to be aligned with the forming position of the holder die 64. A bolt III into another operating posiis adiustably threaded. into the end of the bar I91 nearer the die plate 69 and is held in adjusted position by means of a suitable set screw II2. A portion II3 of the bolt III is enlarged and is threaded so as to hold thereon the internally threaded bucking head II4 which is held in adjusted positions by a suitable set screw I I6.

The end of the'bucking head II4 tapers to an ing groove 99 of the die assembly 64. in forming position. The depth of the tip flange H1 is the same as the depth of the aligning groove'99. The end of the bucking head II4 has a central by the bucking head assembly 62. plug H9 is formed on the outer end A bucking oi the bolt holder dies 64 is in accurate,

stem the bucking head H4 is axially adjusted on the bolt III so as to protrude the bucking plug IIQ into the central hole II8 of the bucking head II4 to the desired depth. The length of the bucking head assembly and the pressure can be also adjusted by adjusting the length of the bolt III in the traveling bar I01.

The forming head assembly 63 includes a hollow traveling bar I2I of rectangular cross section reciprocable in a bearing I22 in a block I23 aligned with the forming position of the holder die 64 andoppositely to the bucking head assembly 62. A plunger I24 is adjustably fixed in the end of the traveling bar I2I by a threaded engagement and a suitable set screw. On the plunger I24 is slidable a forming head I26 slidably held in place by a cross pin I21 fixed across the plunger I24.- The forming head I26 has longitudinal slots the protruding ends of the cross pin I21. The forming head I26 terminates in an annular flange tip I29 which fits into the adjacent aligning groove 98 of the die assembly 64 in forming position. The depth of this flange tip I26 is of the same depth as the depth of the aligning groove 98. In the end of the forming head'l26 is a die cavity I3I of the same kind as the die cavity I8 heretofore described. A forming punch I32 at the endof the plunger I24 protrudes into the forming die cavity 'I3I. Normally the forming head I26 is urged by a coil spring I33 toward the end of the plunger I24 so that it extends beyond the end of the plunger I24 and the punch I32 is practically completely withdrawn from the forming cavity I3I. This spring I33 bears against the traveling bar I 2I at one end and against the forming head I26 at its other end. As the traveling bar I2I is advanced toward the die plate 68 the forming head I26 first contacts the aligning groove 88 in the adjacent face'of the holder die 64 in forming position and locates the forming head I26 in position. Upon con tinued advance of the traveler bar I2I the force is progressively exerted against the action of the coil spring I33 as the plunger I24 is advanced into the head I26 and the punch I32 is forced into the forming die cavity I3I and against the end of the stem of the rivet assembly.

The bucking head assembly 62 and the forming head assembly 63 .are'reciprocated respectively I 28 which are slidable over worked on. Power is transmitted to'the apparatus through a driving wheel or fly wheel I44. The wheel I44 is-driven in any suitable manner not shown. The wheel I44 rotates a shaft I46 suitably joumaled in pillow blocks I41 adjacent the forming head assembly 63. The cam I34 is suitably mounted on the shaft I46 and is rotated thereby for the operation of the forming head assembly 63 as heretofore described. A suitable gear transmission I43 transmits rotation from the shaft I46 to the longitudinal shaft I06 which rotates the latch cam I04 for moving the latch 99 into or out of the adjacent holding notches IOI in the periphery of the die plate 68. The shaft I 06 extends longitudinally of the apparatus and is suitably joumaled in cross webs of the frame 66.

Another gear transmission'I5I transmits rotation from the longitudinal shaft I I06 to another transverse shaft I joumaled in suitable pillow blocks I48 outside of the bucking'head assembly 62. The cam I36 is mounted. on this second transverse shaft I50 so as to reciprocate the bucking head assembly 62 in the manner heretoforedescribecl.

The shaft 61 for the die plate 68 extends substantially parallel with the longitudinal shaft I06 and it is suitably supported on the frame 66.

This die plate driving shaft '61 has on its outer end a pair of parallel spaced discs I52. Three pins I53 with rollers thereon, are secured between the discs I52 in positions corresponding to the relative angular positions of the holder dies 64 on the die plate 68. Intermittent rotation of the die plate shaft. 61 is accomplished by a crank I54 on the longitudinal shaft I06, and by a pawl I56 pivotally supported on the crank I54 at such an'angle that the pawl I 56 drops by its own gravity into the space between the discs I52 :and over the pins I53. As the crank l54is rotated one revolution in a contraclockwise direction viewing Fig. 16, the pawl I56 drops over the pin l53 nearest to the hooked end I 51 of the pawl I56and then as the crank rises in its rotation the hooked end I51 engages the adjacent pin I53 and pulls it upwardly'so as to rotate the discs I52 and the die plate driving shaft 61 therewith. The

:hookedend I51 of the pawl I56 remainsengaged by cams I36 and I34. Motion is transmitted from v each of said cams I34-and I36 by means of a follower I31 suitably joumaled in a yoke I38 on the end of the traveler bar I01 or I2I. The followers l31 are in aligned rolling contact with the respective cams I34 and I36. Within each traveler bar I01 or 'I2I is a coil spring I38 which bears against a pin I4I at the yoke I38 atone end and against a stationary cross pin I42 at its other end. The cross pin I42 is fixed in the respective bearings I08 and I22 and extends through elongated slots I43 on the opposite sides of the respective traveling bars I01 or I2I. The

coil springs I39 urge the traveling bars I01 and with the pin I53 until about the uppermost rotative point of the crank I54 wherethecrank I54 turns downwardly again causing the downward swinging of the pawl I56. During this downward relation to each other and to the rivet assembly swinging the pawl I56 rides on the first'pin l53, so as to keep the hooked end I51 on the outside of the pins I53. Then as the crank "I54 turns again upwardly it pulls the pawl I56 away from the upperpin I53-and allowsthe hooked end I51 of the pawl I56 to drop-under the next pin-15's v The length of the pawl for lifting the same. I56 and the relative position of the pins' I 53 is such that during each revolution of the crank I54 with the longitudinal shaft I06 the-discs I52 are turned one-third of one revolution and the movement is performed only-during the upward half of the crank revolution. 3 Thus an intermittent motion is accomplished with a pause corresponding to about one half of the revolution of the continuously'revolving cams and shafts of v the apparatus. The cams I34 and I36 are so related to the pawl and discdrive'of the"'die plate 68 that the operatingmovement of the bucking head assembly 62 and of the forming head assernbly 63 for the forming operation is performed during the idle return movement or the crank I5 4 While the discsl52 and the die platedrive shaft 61 are at a standstill. The latch cam m a is so adjusted that it releases the latch 99 during the upward eifective :rotation of the crank I54 and; presses the latch 89 in, when the pawl is disconnected from the pin I53. The outward return movement of the bucking head assembly 62 and of the forming head assembly 62 is performed while the discs I52 and the die plateshaft 6'I rotatelthe die plate 66 onethii'd of one revolution. a I i In operation the rivet assembly is inserted into the die assembly 64 at theloadin'g position A, viewing Fig. 19. The insertion is endwise from the side shown in Fig. 18 so that the straight end .of the rivet stem is automatically or'manually engaged at its' opposite sides just before the forming operation. This is accomplished by i mounting each die section 6I and 62 on keys I66 with a limited clearance for self adjustment. A key plate I59 is also made in sections to fit over the die plate 68 and over the gate 13 respectively and engagethe heads of the keys ill for holding the same in place. Oppositegnarrow flanges vIll on these key plates I66 protrude over the adinserted into and through the die cavity" the tail former facing toward the bucking head side of the die plate 68. This loading is performed while the machine is in operation although the di plate 68 is at amomentary standstill. Then the die plate 66 is'moved intermittently onethird of one revolution by the afore-described crank I64, pawl I66, pins I53, discs I52 and shaft 61. During this movement of the die plate assembly the latch 99 is held outof engagement withthe periphery of the die plate 66. The completion of one third of onerevolution changesthe operative positions of the holder dies 64 so that- :the,

loaded holder die 64 reaches its forming positionat B, viewing Fig. 19. As soon as thedie plate: assembly 6| is at a standstillthe latch 99 is forced into the opposite notch IM and fixes the die plate 68. .At the same time the bucking head assembly 62 is moved by the cam I36 into engagement with the holder die 64 and thereafter witha slight delay the forminghead assembly 63 is moved into operative position by the other cam I34 and performs the forming operation on i therivet stem. Then the cams I34 and I36 disengage the forming head assembly 63 and the bucking head assemly 62 from the holder die 64, andthe latch cam I04 releases the latch 99 from the die plate, and the crank I54 pulls the pawl I6] upwardly to turnthe die plate assembly IBI again one-third 'of one revolution. This move- 'ment brings the said holder die 64 in which the rivet is formed to the unloading or ejecting position. As the holder-die 64 passes the anchor 16 thegate I3 is free to drop to open position. In

addition the abutment lug 68 strikes the striking 'pln,92, and-forces th gate 13 open as shown at C in Fig. 19. During the opening of the die gate 13 the complete rivet assembly is ejected from the; dieassembly 64 at the position C either by ejector ear 96 of ejectorplate 93 or by the ejector lugsl according-towhether the rivet assembly is in the; fixed halfsctionfli or movable h'alf sectionfl'llof the holder die 64. By providinga suitably timed feeding device the rivet assembly --can be fed automatically into the die assembly V --64,-at the loading position A.; The frame 66 may be of. any suitable structure and the various pillow blocks and bearings are supported on suitabl -webs and cross me mbers-on said frame 66.

Theentire apparatus is compact, itgis easily ad- 'justaLle for synchronized operation, and it is tive jsteps of completing the rivet assembly as heretofore described In.o1-d to further assure uniformly accurate alignment in. this apparatus between the bucking head assembly 62, the forming head assembly 63 ,and'the rivet assemblyin the die plate, assembly 6I, the holder die 64 is iioatingly supported in tlie die plate as so as to-bese'lf adjustable when jacent edges of the respective, die sections II and 1250 as to prevent the pushing of the die sections.

II and I2 out'of the die plate assembly 6| during the loading operation. a The shifting of the holder die 64 to accurate position between the bucking head: H4 and forminghead I24 is 86601!!! plished by the engagement of .the respective tip flanges Ill and I29 firstwith flared rims I62 at the mouths. of the respective die' aligning grooves 96 on the opposite faces of the assembled die sections II and I2. The tip'flang es III and g I29 shift the" floating die assemblyjuntil the grooves 96 are accurately aligned. for true en;

gagement with the tip flanges III and I26, and

they also shift the die axially if necessary so 9 that both tipiiangesii'l and I261penetrate equally intothe aligning grooves 96. This self adjustment is usually very minute but it accurately locates the rivet assembly in exactly the tively movable parts of the rivet assembly in predetermined relative position. 7 r g 2. In the method of making a rivet assembly out of a hollow rivet and out of a stem slidably fitting thereinto, the stepsof inserting the stern intothe hollow rivet to a predeter'mined relative position, holding the rivet assembly in said position, forming a gripping surfaceon the portion of the stern extended beyond. the hollow rivet, and applying axial compression force'to an end of the stem and a reactionary axial backing'supportto the other end of the stem so asto expa'rid \welladapted forthe'performance of the respec the portionof stem within. the rivet to frictionally fasten; the assembly in said predetermined relation. I

3. In.the method ofmakinga rivet assembly with a former stem adapted to be pulled axially in the hollow'rivet for .ifastening the rivet in place, the steps of inserting the stem intovth e hollow rivet sothatthefreeend of the stem extends beyond theheadof the hollow'riy'et, ,the forming of an engagement surface at thejfree end of said stem and simultaneouslyapplying the engagement surface forming forces so as to in- 1 crease the frictionalcontact between the stem and the-hollow rivet sufficiently to hold the stem in a predetermined position in the rivet.

4. In the method of making a rivet assembly with a former stem adapted to be pulled. axially inahollow rivet for fastening the, rivet in place, the stepsof inserting thefotmer stem through the hollow rivet so that the free end of the stem extends beyond the adjacent end of the rivet, the

forming of a pulling engagement surface at the free end of said stem, and simultaneously applying axial forces to said stem so as to expand and tighten said stem. in a predetermined position in the rivet.

5. In the method of making a rivet assembly out of a hollow rivet and a forming stem, the steps of holding the forming stem inserted in the hollow rivet in a predetermined position, holding the rivet so as to prevent axial movement or said rivet forming a pulling head on the free end of the stem, and applying axial forces to the stem only to expand and tighten the portion of the stem within the hollow rivet in said predetermined position.

6. In the method of making a rivet assembly from a hollow rivet and a forming stem, the steps of supporting the forming stem inserted in the hollow rivet in a predetermined position at which consists in supporting the rivet assembly so that all axial pressures applied to the free end of the stem are backed against the other end of the stem, holding the hollow rivet so as to prevent axial movement thereof, forming an engagement suri'ace on the free end of the stem, and applying axial pressure to the free end of the stem so as to increase the frictional contact between the rivet stem and the hollow rivet.

8. A method of making a rivet assembly, which consists in forming a rivet with a hole through it from end to end, the forming of a former head on a stem slidably fitting into said hole, the inserting of the rivet stem so that the former head is adjacent the tail of the rivet, the holding of said rivet assembly in said position, the applying of axial forces only to said rivet stem so as to form a pulling head at the free end of the stem and to expand the stem to a, tight but slidable fit in said hollow rivet so as to hold said rivet stem in a predetermined position in the rivet assembly. CARL W. CHERRY.

ALEX S. MULLGARD'I. 

